Abstract
Citation
Shea S, Basch CE, Irigoyen M, Zybert P, Rips JL, Contento I, Gutin B. Relationships of dietary fat consumption to serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hispanic preschool children. Prev Med 1991 Mar;20(2):237-49.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies of the relationship between dietary fat intake and serum lipids in young children have yielded inconclusive results. We studied this relationship in 108 Hispanic children ages 4-5 years. METHODS: Four 24-hr recalls approximately 3 months apart and two Willett semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires approximately 6 months apart were obtained by interviewing the children's mothers. Diet measures were averaged for the multiple administrations of each of these instruments. RESULTS: Based on the 24-hr recalls, children in the highest tertile of total fat consumption (36.2% of total calories) compared with the lowest tertile (30.2% of total calories) had mean total serum cholesterol of 4.32 mmol/liter (167 mg/dl) vs 3.91 mmol/liter (151 mg/d) (test for linear trend across tertiles, P less than 0.05) and mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 2.74 mmol/liter (106 mg/dl) vs 2.29 mmol/liter (89 mg/dl) (test for linear trend, P less than 0.01). Children in the highest tertile of saturated fat consumption (14.6% of total calories) compared with the lowest tertile (11.2% of total calories) had mean total serum cholesterol of 4.39 mmol/liter (170 mg/dl) vs 3.97 mmol/liter (154 mg/dl) (test for linear trend, P less than 0.05) and mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 2.80 mmol/liter (108 mg/dl) vs 2.35 mmol/liter (91 mg/dl) (test for linear trend, P less than 0.01). These relationships remained significant when calorie-adjusted nutrient intakes were examined and after adjustment in multiple linear regression models for age, sex, and body mass index, with the exception of the association of calorie-adjusted total fat with total serum cholesterol level (P = 0.07). Similar results were obtained using the Willett questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that dietary fat, particularly saturated fat consumption, is an important correlate of blood lipid levels in preschool children. These are also the first reported data indicating that the Willett questionnaire, as a method for measuring the atherogenic components of diet, has criterion-related validity in young children.
Full Text
The full text is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(91)90023-w
At A Glance
Individual Dietary Behavior Variables
| Intake |
|---|
| Total Energy/Energy Density |
| Macronutrients, including Saturated Fat |
| Behavior |
|---|
| Portion/Size |
| Child-Feeding Practices |
| Food Preparation |
Domain(s)
Individual Dietary Behavior
Measure Type
Questionnaire
24-hour dietary recall
Construction of measure from existing data (e.g., GIS, sales, menu, nutrient data)
Interview guide
Measure Availability
Free. Contact Willett, WC (food frequency questionnaire)
Number of Items
Not applicable
Study location
Metro/Urban, Northern Manhattan
NY, USA
Languages
Not applicable
Information about Development of Measure
Nothing to add
Study Design
Study Participants
Age
2 - 5 Years
Sex
Female
Male
Race/Ethnicity
Hispanic
Predominantly Low-income/Low-SES
Yes
Sample Size
108
Study Design
Design Type
Validation/Reliability
Correlational/Observational
Health Outcomes Assessed
Obesity
Serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels
Obesity Measures
BMI for age
BMI Measured or Self-reported
Measured height
Measured weight
Covariates
Sociodemographic characteristics (socioeconomic status, race)
Data Reported on Race/Ethnicity
Quantitative data on study sample
Data Reported on SES
Quantitative data on study sample
SES-related Variables
Income
How To Use
Administration
Who Administered
Researcher-administered
How Administered
Not applicable
Time Required
Not applicable
Training Required
Not applicable
Instructions on Use
Contact Willett, WC (food frequency questionnaire)
Data Analysis
Data Collection/Analysis Costs
Not available
Data Collection/Protocol
Data collection from 24-hour recall and questionnaires were averaged together for final values.
Instructions on Data Analysis
Instructions on analysis included in article
Validity (2)
| Type of validity | Construct/subscale assessed | Criterion measure used | Test/statistic used | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criterion | Total fat intake, saturated fat intake, calorie-adjusted total fat intake, calorie-adjusted saturated fat intake (24-hour recall and Willett questionnaire) | LDL-C level analysis | P-value | Statistically significant |
| Criterion | Total fat intake, saturated fat intake, calorie-adjusted saturated fat intake (24-hour recall and Willett questionnaire) | Serum TC level analysis | P-value | Statistically significant |
Reliability (4)
| Type of reliability | Construct/subscale assessed | Test/statistic used | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inter-instrument | Total fat consumption | Intraclass correlation coefficient | 0.38 |
| Inter-instrument | Total calories | Intraclass correlation coefficient | 0.39 |
| Inter-instrument | Cholesterol consumption | Intraclass correlation coefficient | 0.19 |
| Inter-instrument | Saturated fat consumption | Intraclass correlation coefficient | 0.30 |