Abstract
Citation
Pikora TJ, Bull FC, Jamrozik K, Knuiman M, Giles-Corti B, Donovan RJ. Developing a reliable audit instrument to measure the physical environment for physical activity. Am J Prev Med 2002 Oct;23(3):187-94.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The physical environment plays an important role in influencing participation in physical activity, although which factors of the physical environment have the greatest effect on patterns of activity remain to be determined. We describe the development of a comprehensive instrument to measure the physical environmental factors that may influence walking and cycling in local neighborhoods and report on its reliability. METHODS: Following consultation with experts from a variety of fields and a literature search, we developed a Systematic Pedestrian and Cycling Environmental Scan (SPACES) instrument and used it to collect data over a total of 1987 kilometers of roads in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. The audit instrument is available from the first author on request. Additional environmental information was collected using desktop methods and geographic information systems (GIS) technology. We assessed inter- and intra-rater reliability of the instrument among the 16 observers who collected the data. RESULTS: The observers reported that the audit instrument was easy to use. Both inter- and intra-rater reliability of the environmental scan instrument were generally high. CONCLUSIONS: Our instrument provides a reliable, practical, and easy-to-use method for collecting detailed "street-level" data on physical environmental factors that are potential influences on walking in local neighborhoods.
Full Text
The full text is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00498-1
At A Glance
Physical Activity Environment Variables
| # | Type of Environment/Location |
|---|---|
| 1803 | Total Environments/Locations |
| 1803 | 400 meter radius around respondents neighborhoods |
| # | Scale |
|---|---|
| 12925 | Segment |
| Measure | objective | perceived |
|---|---|---|
| Pedestrian/Traffic Safety | ✔ | ✘ |
| Cycling Infrastructure | ✔ | ✘ |
| Aesthetics/Beautification | ✔ | ✘ |
| Land Use | ✔ | ✘ |
| Pedestrian Infrastructure | ✔ | ✘ |
| Facility Adequacy/Appeal or Quality | ✔ | ✘ |
Domain(s)
Physical Activity Environment
Measure Type
Environmental observation
Measure Availability
Free. Access at Active Living Research
Download measure from activelivingresearch.org
Number of Items
67 Reported
Study location
Metro/Urban
Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Languages
English
Information about Development of Measure
Nothing to add
Study Design
Study Participants
Age
Not applicable
Sex
Not applicable
Race/Ethnicity
Not reported
Predominantly Low-income/Low-SES
Not applicable
Sample Size
Not Available
Study Design
Design Type
Validation/Reliability
Health Outcomes Assessed
None
Obesity Measures
Not applicable
BMI Measured or Self-reported
Not applicable
Covariates
Not reported
Data Reported on Race/Ethnicity
Not applicable
Data Reported on SES
Not applicable
SES-related Variables
Not applicable
How To Use
Administration
Who Administered
Researcher-administered
How Administered
Direct observation, hard-copy form
Time Required
Not reported
Training Required
Yes, time reported: 3 days
Instructions on Use
Access at Active Living Research
Data Analysis
Data Collection/Analysis Costs
Not available
Data Collection/Protocol
Not available
Instructions on Data Analysis
Not reported
Validity (0)
There are no validity tests reported for this measure.
Reliability (1)
| Type of reliability | Construct/subscale assessed | Test/statistic used | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inter-rater | Total number of items | Kappa statistic | 21 items had a kappa statistic >0.75; 24 items had a kappa statistic between 0.4 and 0.75; 19 items had a kappa statistic <0.4 |