Abstract
Citation
Louie JC, Gwynn J, Turner N, Cochrane J, Wiggers J, Flood V. Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load among Indigenous and non-Indigenous children aged 10-12 years. Nutrition 2012 Jul;28(7-8):e14-22. Epub 2012 Apr 7.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous rural children and identify the main foods contributing to their GI and GL. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of food intake of 215 children (38.1% were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders) 10 to 12 y old obtained by three 24-h recalls was conducted. The foods were ranked according to their total contribution to total carbohydrates, GI, and GL. RESULTS: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants had a significantly higher dietary GL (155.8 ± 46.8 versus 135.4 ± 31.2, P < 0.001) and GI (58.3 ± 3.9 versus 56.9 ± 3.8, P = 0.008) than the non-Indigenous participants. White breads were the main contributors of GI and GL in both groups and were a main driver for the increasing GI. Fiber was not associated with GI, whereas sugar and starch were positively associated. Subjects with a higher GI tended to be less physically active. CONCLUSION: The quality of carbohydrates in the diets of the participants was low, with poorer dietary items contributing most of the GI and GL. Substituting white breads with low/lower GI alternatives may be a useful strategy.
Full Text
The full text is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2011.12.007
At A Glance
Individual Dietary Behavior Variables
| Intake |
|---|
| Total Energy/Energy Density |
| Macronutrients, including Saturated Fat |
| Dietary Quality |
| Dietary Glycemic Index |
Domain(s)
Individual Dietary Behavior
Measure Type
24-hour dietary recall
Measure Availability
Not available
Number of Items
Not applicable
Study location
Small Town/Rural
Australia
Languages
English
Information about Development of Measure
A Glycemic Index (GI) was assigned to the Many Rivers Diabetes Prevention Program food items by a previously described method. The daily dietary Glycemic Load (GL) of each subject was calculated as the sum of GI (percentage) multiplied by the amount of carbohydrate (CHO) for the quantity of food consumed. The dietary GI was obtained by multiplying the ratio of the dietary GL to the total CHO intake during the day by 100%. The mean daily dietary GI and GL for each participant were obtained by averaging the dietary GI and GL of the three recall days.The food items were ranked according to their contribution to total CHOs and dietary GI and GL.
Study Design
Study Participants
Age
6 - 11 Years
12 - 18 Years
Sex
Female
Male
Race/Ethnicity
White
Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
Predominantly Low-income/Low-SES
Not reported
Sample Size
256
Study Design
Design Type
Instrument/Method Development Without Validation/Reliability
Health Outcomes Assessed
None
Obesity Measures
BMI for age
BMI Measured or Self-reported
Measured height
Measured weight
Covariates
Not reported
Data Reported on Race/Ethnicity
Quantitative data on study sample
Data Reported on SES
Not applicable
SES-related Variables
Not applicable
How To Use
Administration
Who Administered
Self-administered
How Administered
In-person
Time Required
Not reported
Training Required
Yes, time not reported
Instructions on Use
Not reported
Data Analysis
Data Collection/Analysis Costs
Not available
Data Collection/Protocol
Physical activity data were self-reported by the respondent using the Many Rivers Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire. The food intake of the participants was obtained by multiple-pass 24-hour recalls. The recalls were collected by research assistants and Aboriginal health workers who had been trained by the study research nutritionist. Three intake days, including two weekdays and one weekend day, were obtained from participants.
Instructions on Data Analysis
Instructions on analysis included in article
Validity (0)
There are no validity tests reported for this measure.
Reliability (0)
There are no reliability tests reported for this measure.